The Potential Risks of ChatGPT and Other Generative AI
JDSpura | By Baker Hostetler
“Shall we play a game?” Those innocuous words “spoken” by Matthew Broderick’s computer in John Badham’s sci-fi techno-thriller War Games stunned audiences at the time. A computer that could “talk” and “think” and engage in conversation?!? This was the height of science fiction. Well, with the recent release of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, specifically in the form of ChatGPT and other predictive natural language processing (NLP) algorithms, science fiction has once again become reality.
Companies from Microsoft to Google and Instacart to Kayak have begun to incorporate and build upon this technology, originally developed by OpenAI. These tools can be incredibly beneficial to businesses, but they also carry risks.
Before we dive in to how generative AI can assist brands and companies, let’s first peel back the layers and understand – at a basic level – what ChatGPT is.
ChatGPT stands for Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer. Let’s break that down:
- Chat refers to the interface that allows for interaction with the model using natural language prompts.
- Generative refers to a category of AI model that produces new output based on a given input. In practice this means that the “input” of a user query can generate the “output” of text, images, and audio answers.
- Pre-trained refers to the fact that the model has already been trained on a vast data set to teach it to predict the next word in a given sequence.
- Transformer refers to the architecture of the neural network (machine learning algorithms) upon which ChatGPT is based. It is this architecture that allows the computer to process natural language.
Importantly, ChatGPT and other generative AI are not omniscient; they cannot think, understand, or feel. They are merely software – lines of computer code – programmed to generate natural language replies in response to text and image prompts. They work by predicting the next word in a given text string based on patterns “learned” from the data on which they have been trained.
In late March, OpenAI released an API (application programming interface) to select businesses to allow them to incorporate the AI technology into their own websites and apps via plugins. Using these plugins, brands have been able to harness the power of ChatGPT to help consumers book travel, make restaurant reservations, and create curated product recommendations.
Currently, the ChatGPT plugins have been tasked with relatively basic functions – essentially providing high-level search tools in the form of an interactive chatbot. See, for example, the video Expedia released on Twitter to show how its ChatGPT plugin operates.
Brands have also begun to use generative AI tools to help with:
- Coding – generating and building source code and analyzing mistakes within the code
- Content Creation – generating blog posts, social media posts, targeted email campaigns and video scripts
- Data Analysis – analyzing large data sets and synthesizing the information into easily digestible bullet points
- Market Research – generating a list of key players in any industry along with products and services
- Product Descriptions – generating bulk descriptions for e-commerce sites where product catalogs are frequently updated
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO) – generating copy that includes keywords and meta descriptions that search engines can look for when ranking pages
ChatGPT and other generative AI tools come with risks, and any business use of them should be done carefully and cautiously.
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Home Health Leads Industry Job Gains in March
McKnight’s Home Care | By Diane Eastabrook
Home health led the healthcare industry in job gains last month, tallying 15,000 of the 34,000 positions filled during the month of March. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the findings Friday in its monthly employment report.
The news was a boost to the home health sector, which BLS says needs to fill approximately 700,000 jobs annually. However, the 34,000 additional healthcare jobs in March marked a significant decline from the 54,000 the industry has been averaging monthly over the past six months.
Overall, the United States added 236,000 jobs in March — below the 239,000 economists had projected and well below the 326,000 the nation added in February. The unemployment rate remained at 3.5% and the number of people looking for work increased slightly. That is good news for employers for two reasons: not only has the pool of potential job candidates grown, but larger numbers of workers may put downward pressure on wages.
Still, the labor shortage continues to be one of the biggest headwinds for home healthcare providers as they emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. Executives at home health giant Amedisys told Wall Street analysts in February the supply of clinical staff is still falling far short of demand. Enhabit Home Health and Hospice executives also said recently 70 of its locations remain short-staffed, despite hiring 100 new nurses at the end of last year.
Two weeks ago, the National Association for Home Care & Hospice and the Home Care Association of America released a report with a list of recommendations to help boost the number of direct care workers. The two groups called on Congress to use American Rescue Plan Act funds to forgive student nurse loans; make telehealth waivers permanent; waive 60-day recertifications regulations for nurses providing care under Medicaid; expedite, simplify and prioritize background screenings on new nurses; and allow for nurse certification reciprocity across state lines. |
Physical Therapists Use Different Motivational Strategies for Stroke Rehabilitation Tailored to an Individual’s Condition: A Qualitative Study
Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal | ByKazuaki Oyake, PT, PhD, Keita Sue, PT, MSc, Motofumi Sumiya, PhD, Satoshi Tanaka, PhD
Abstract
Objective
Various strategies are used to motivate individuals with stroke during rehabilitation. However, how physical therapists select the motivational strategies that they use for each individual is yet to be established. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how physical therapists use different motivational strategies for individuals in stroke rehabilitation programs.
Methods
A criterion sample of 15 physical therapists who have worked in rehabilitation for over 10 years and were interested in an individual’s motivation participated in one-on-one semi-structured online interviews. The interviews explored their perspectives and experiences regarding the motivational strategies used depending on each individual’s condition. The collected data were analyzed with thematic analysis.
Results
A total of 9 themes emerged from the data upon thematic analysis and inductive coding. Participants used different strategies to encourage individuals’ active participation in physical therapy depending on (1) their mental health, (2) their physical difficulties, (3) their level of cognitive function, (4) their personality, (5) their activities and participation, (6) their age, (7) their human environment, and (8) the type of rehabilitation service where the individual underwent treatment. For example, in cases where an individual lost self-confidence, participants offered practice tasks that the individual could achieve with little effort to make them experience success. The interviews also revealed (9) motivational strategies used regardless of the individual’s condition. For instance, patient-centered communication was used to build rapport with individuals, irrespective of their condition.
Conclusions
This qualitative study suggests that physical therapists use different strategies depending on the individual’s mental health conditions, physical problems, level of cognitive function, personality, activities and participation, age, human environment, and the type of rehabilitation service where the individual undergoes treatment to motivate individuals with stroke during physical therapy.
Impact
The findings of this study can provide experience-based recommendations regarding the selection of motivational strategies for stroke rehabilitation. |
Global Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Physiotherapists: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | By Philippe Gorce & Julien Jacquier-Bret
Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are one of the most important problems among physiotherapists worldwide. However, there is no meta-analysis of the MSD prevalence in all body areas among physiotherapists.
Objectives
The purpose was to investigate and estimate the worldwide prevalence of MSD among physiotherapists using a systematic review-, meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Methods
The systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed in 2022 using the PRISMA guidelines.
Data sources
The search was performed on PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Medeley and Science.gov databases.
Study appraisal
The quality appraisal of the included articles was assessed using the critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies AXIS.
Results
A total of 722 articles were found. After screening and comparison with the inclusion criteria, 26 studies were retained. Based on the random-effects model, the worldwide MSD prevalence in neck, upper back, mid back, lower back, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, thumb, hips/thighs, knees/legs, and ankles/feet was 26.4% (CI 95%: 21.0–31.9%), 17.7% (CI 95%: 13.2–22.2%), 14.9% (CI 95%: 7.7–22.1%), 40.1% (CI 95%: 32.2–48.0%), 20.8% (CI 95%: 16.5–25.1), 7.0% (CI 95%: 5.2–8.9), 18.1% (CI 95%: 14.7–21.5%), 35.4% (CI 95%: 23.0–47.8), 7.0% (CI 95%: 5.2–8.8), 13.0% (CI 95%: 10.3–15.8), and 5% (CI 95%: 4.0–6.9) respectively. The neck and shoulder prevalence of four continents were close to the world prevalence. No effect of continent was found on MSD prevalence. The heterogeneity of the results obtained in the meta-analysis and meta-regression was discussed.
Conclusions
Based on the random effects model, the results of the worldwide meta-analysis showed that lower back pain, thumb, neck and shoulder were the area most at risk for MSD and were therefore those to be monitored as a priority. Recommendations were proposed for future reviews and meta-analyses.
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APTA Home Health / NAHC Webinar – Stay Alert for High-Alert Medications in Home Health: Anticoagulants and Insulin
Thursday, April 27, 2023 | 2:00- 3:00 PM EDT
APTA Home Health is collaborating with the National Association for Home Care & Hospice (NAHC) for this nation-wide free webinar. The presenter, Melissa Bednarek, PT, DPT, PhD will define high-alert medications and focus specifically on anticoagulants and insulin. The indications, mechanism of action, side effects and clinical implications for each medication class will be discussed.
Learning Objectives:
- Define high-alert medication and list included medication classes.
- Describe the indications, mechanism of action, common side effects and implications for a home health patient taking anticoagulants.
- Describe the indications, mechanism of action, common side effects and implications for a home health patient taking insulin.
Speaker: Melissa Bednarek, PT, DPT, PhD
Price: FREE
Register |
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